What is sugar beet pulp silage?
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Over the years, sugar beet is one of the main agricultural products cultivated all over the world. The reason for this issue can also be found in the many uses of this plant, including consumption as animal feed. The first commercial success and popularity of sugar beet cultivation in the Western world can be found in the United States in 1870. After those years, we saw the extensive cultivation of sugar beet in about 26 US states.
In 1990, about 1400,000 hectares were under sugar beet cultivation in 14 US states, which shows the many users of this plant. The situation in other parts of the world has been similar. Meanwhile, Russia is one of the most important sugar beet producers. After that, we can mention Poland, France, Germany and Turkey. One of the most important applications of sugar beet is the production of sucrose. Sucrose is one of the most important sources for human and animal food supply. The main reason for the production of sugar beets in the United States can be traced back to sucrose. Sugar beet contains 13 to 22% sucrose.
Also, sugar beet pomace has high amounts of fiber, which are used by large food factories around the world. Sugar beet pomace and molasses are the most important side products of the sugar beet plant, which are widely used in the production of animal feed. These food products can provide high amounts of fiber for livestock and are very palatable as food for livestock.
Cattle and sheep can also eat the remaining small sugar beets after harvesting sugar beets. However, this issue can sometimes cause the animal to suffocate by the small sugar beet. The upper part of sugar beet, i.e. leaves and stem, can also be used to produce silage. This part of sugar beet has very high sources of protein, vitamin A and carbohydrates.
Silage produced from the upper part of sugar beet in combination with other animal feed can be very useful. To produce this silage, sugar beet must be kept in the field for some time before use, so that the moisture level in the plant can reach 60-65%. This amount of moisture is critical to produce proper silage. In this article, we are going to fully introduce you to sugar beet and sugar beet pulp silage.
At the beginning, you will get acquainted with the sugar beet plant itself and the history of its cultivation. Then you will read about the extent of sugar beet production and use. After that, you will get to know the general process of sugar beet silage production. Then you will read about the quality required for sugar beet silage. At the end, you will get to know the benefits of using sugar beet pulp silage to provide animal feed.
- What is sugar beet?
- Wet Beet Pulp
- Pressed Beet Pulp
- To what extent is sugar beet used?
- How is the production process of sugar beet silage?
- What is the quality of sugar beet silage?
- What are the advantages of using sugar beet pulp silage?
- Is sugar beet pomace silage more useful than other silages?
What is sugar beet?
Sugar beet is a plant rich in fiber and energy, which has been widely cultivated in different regions of the world, including Iran, in recent years. One of the most important users of sugar beet is for the production of animal food. These foods can be used for many types of domestic animals, including cows, sheep, horses, pigs, etc. However, one of the most important users of food products produced from sugar beet is to provide feed for dairy cattle.
In the world, about 89% of sugar beet root is converted into sugar and sugar beet pomace. Normally, from 1 ton of sugar beet, about 150 kg of sugar and 500 kg of wet pulp can be obtained. Of course, these values can vary depending on different subjects.
Meanwhile, sugar pulp silage can be one of the most important side products of sugar beet, which has a very important application in providing animal feed. Consuming sugar beet pomace silage for livestock can be very useful due to its high fiber content.
To produce sugar, sugar beets are first cleaned and cut into pieces. During this process, a liquid is extracted from the sugar beet by means of hot water of about 50 to 60 degrees. This fiber-rich liquid can be used in many different ways.
Wet Beet Pulp
The fiber residue obtained after the extraction of beet pulp, which is called "beet pulp", contains about 10-15% DM dry matter. Due to storage and handling limitations, the use of liquid sugar beet pulp is usually limited to the factory itself. However, the high temperature of the water used to extract the sugar beet juice can increase the reproduction and growth of bacteria.
Pressed Beet Pulp
Beet liquid pomace can be pressurized and lose a large part of its excess water in this way. In this way, the amount of DM dry matter increases to about 20%. Pressed beet pulp is white or gray in color. This color can vary according to the oxidation and the extraction method of sugar beet pulp. At the time of delivery, the sugar beet must be free from any mold and must not smell acidic.
Another important thing about compressed beet pomace is that it is not sticky. Although compressed beet pomace is easy to transport, it is not suitable for storage like fresh beet pomace. If the pressed beet pomace is not kept well, it will quickly perish in the vicinity of air, water, bacteria and fungi. After 2 to 3 days, this unpreserved waste should not be used as animal feed.
Compressed beet pomace can be used for up to two weeks if it is stored properly and air penetration is prevented. However, the safest and most appropriate way to store sugar beet pulp is ensiling and producing silage from it.
Sugar beet pulp silage
For long-term storage, pressed beet pomace should be ensiled. If the ensiling process is done properly, sugar beet silage can be produced quickly. One of the most important issues related to the silage of compressed beet pulp is the cleanliness of the silo environment. Any impurity can quickly destroy the sugar beet pulp.
Another issue that is very important in this regard is the method that leads to the release of air from the compressed sugar beet pulp. This approach should be such that the air is completely removed from the slag. In such conditions, lactic fermentation occurs quickly and naturally.
In this way, it is possible to produce high-quality and suitable silage in 30 days, which can be used for several months. The simple and short process of producing sugar beet silage is one of the main reasons for its popularity.
To what extent is sugar beet used?
Sugar beet is very popular for cultivation and production all over the world due to its many uses. In general, one can expect to produce about 500 kg of beet pulp from one ton of sugar beet roots, which can be used for various purposes. However, not all sugar beets in the world are used for this purpose. Many times, sugar beet is not used to produce liquid or compressed pulp and instead the sugar beet is dried.
In France, between 2002 and 2003, liquid beet pulp accounted for less than 2.5% of sugar beet products. Compressed beet pomace accounted for 23% of the production and dried sugar beet accounted for 74.5%. Sugar beet pulp, whether in liquid and fresh form or in compressed form, should be used quickly within the factory itself. The reason for this is that this waste can quickly deteriorate and become unusable.
In 2013, Russia was able to achieve the first place in sugar beet production by producing about 35 million tons of sugar beet. This country is one of the most important sugar beet producers over the years. After that, the United States of America ranks second with the production of 29 million tons of sugar beet. After these two countries, we can mention France, Germany, Turkey, Poland, Egypt, Great Britain, Ukraine and China.
The most important countries producing dried sugar beet are France, Germany, Russia, America and Egypt. These five countries together account for 66% of the total dry sugar beet production. However, according to 2017 statistics, the most important producers of liquid sugar beet pulp are the Netherlands, Belgium, Poland, Turkey, Russia, Ukraine and Iran.
What is the production process of sugar beet pomace silage?
To produce sugar beet pulp silage, it is necessary to receive as much of this pulp as quickly as possible from the factory after production. The reason for this is that this scum can quickly be destroyed by air and bacteria. Compressed beet pomace with a pH of 4.5 should be used for ensiling. Another important issue in this case is that this beet should be used for silage when its temperature is still between 45 and 50. Accurate timing between all stages of sugar beet pulp silage production is very important.
If the temperature of compressed sugar beet decreases, the possibility of butyric acid contamination increases. When the pressed sugar beet pulp arrives at the silo, it must be ensiled at a very high speed and this process must be completed within 24 hours. It is very important to use a clean environment and tractor for silage. Proper packaging for ensiling should not be neglected. One of the things that is often recommended in this case is packing sugar beet pulp with two layers of plastic. In this way, it is possible to ensure that the air is away from the silage.
Once the fermentation process has taken place, the temperature should drop rapidly. The proper ventilation of the silo plays a very important role, and the size of the silo should not be too large. If the sugar beet pomace silage temperature is still too high after 3 weeks, the silage will be very greasy and sticky. This issue will greatly reduce the quality of sugar beet pulp silage. When opening the silo, the following activities should be done very carefully. Otherwise, you can witness the growth of mold and harmful substances.
In the United States of America, various experiences have shown that compressed beet pulp can be ensiled together with other materials such as dry sugar beet or wheat. In this way, you can have a much better storage in relation to sugar beet pulp silage. Adding corn, wheat or sugar beet residues to sugar beet pulp silage can increase the quality of this silage. One of the most important issues in this regard is the carbohydrate that this compound can provide for sugar beet pulp silage. The optimum humidity for these materials to produce silage is around 65%.
What is the quality of sugar beet pulp silage?
Sugar beet pulp silage is one of the best sources for animal feed. The reason for this can be found in the very high fiber content of this silage. In order to have the right quality of sugar beet pomace silage, one should pay attention to many issues in this regard. The pH of sugar beet pulp silage should be around 3.5 to 3.7. Silage temperature should be between 15 and 20 degrees Celsius. Another important thing to pay attention to in this regard is the non-stickiness of silage.
Among other important issues related to the quality of sugar beet pomace silage, the following can be mentioned:
The high amount of lactic acid (30 g/kg DM) indicates the proper production process of lactobacillus.
A limited amount of acetic acid (10-15 g/kg DM) indicates the appropriate quality of silage.
A low amount of butyric acid can indicate the production of Clostridium, which will reduce the quality of silage.
Sugar beet pulp silage should not be greasy or sticky.
What are the advantages of using sugar beet pulp silage?
As mentioned earlier, the use of sugar beet pulp silage for animal feed can have many benefits. In this part, we will study this issue further by carefully examining the brain material of this silage.
Sugar beet pulp silage
The title of the unit of measurement is average, minimum, maximum
Crude protein % DM 9.5 7.1 11.2
NDF % DM 50.5 39.9 54.6
Ether extract % DM 1.2 1 1.3
Ash % DM 8.5 4 15
Starch % DM 0.5 – –
Calcium g/kg DM 15.6 7.9 31
As you can see in the table above, sugar beet pomace silage has a relatively high amount of crude protein. Also, the amount of fiber in this silage is very high, which can be very useful for feeding livestock. The amount of calcium and other useful metals for livestock is also available in this silage in a high and appropriate amount.
As you read, sugar beet has been growing in recent years due to its many uses and is considered as one of the most important agricultural products in many countries. In the meantime, one of the most important uses of sugar beet is to use it to produce silage. Sugar beet pomace silage can properly meet the different needs of livestock and cause them to fatten.
One of the most important things in this regard is the very short production time of sugar beet silage. If properly managed, the ensiling process will last only about 30 days. Sugar beet pomace silage has very high amounts of fiber, which can be very useful for feeding livestock.
However, if sugar beets are not stored properly, they can spoil quickly. One of the most important issues in this case is the process of using compressed sugar beet pulp before silage. This slag will quickly disappear if it comes into contact with air, and after production, it should be used immediately for silage production. Otherwise, it will not survive in the vicinity of bacteria and pollution.
Iran is considered as one of the most important producers of liquid beet pomace in the world. Therefore, the production and consumption of sugar beet pulp silage in Iran is relatively high.
Is sugar beet pomace silage more useful than other silages?
Another advantage of Begar silage is the storage of beet pomace for more than one year. The said device can keep sugar beet pomace that was produced at a point in time, which is a highly perishable by-product, fresh for at least 15 months. and can be stored easily. Sugar factory slag is supplied in two forms: dried and fluffier slag. Dry wastes are very expensive in terms of the high consumption of fossil fuel per kilogram of their production, and instead, they are much more durable than wet wastes.
Wet pulp contains 20 to 25 percent of dry matter (this ratio depends on the type of press used by each factory) and usually has 22 percent of dry matter. Due to the physical texture, the wet pulp has a low sugar content (0.8 to 1 percent). And the liquids contained in it cannot be ensiled under any circumstances. But inside polyethylene bags, it was miraculously preserved, and after a year or more passed, it was in a fresh form with the full characteristics of slag that was extracted from the factory within a day or two. it will be usable for livestock consumption. These characteristics make the farmers who use this device able to buy the manure at the time of production and store it for their annual consumption. Finishing corn is fodder and these two products can be put into the machine one after the other.
In recent years, the ensiling of pressed pulp has been extensively re-examined. In these studies, keeping fresh pulp in beggar silage for a long time showed a process with a very low percentage of waste and with the greatest cost savings. The results of these investigations led to the storage of this perishable material in silage bags in the amount of one million tons in the 93-94 crop year in Europe. They obtained more of the scum in the feeding of high production dairy cows with an average yield of 10,500 liters of milk per year.
The results obtained from the consumption of sugar beet pulp silage in the diet indicated the following:
- The same performance in milk production
- The same amount of fat and protein in milk
- No adverse effects and threats to the animal's health
- Less waste and corruption
Experimental feeding showed that it is possible to add up to 22 kg of fresh silage to the daily consumption of high yielding dairy cows in the diet. This amount is equivalent to 5 kg of dry matter per head per day. Regarding the consumption of fresh silage In the ration, the scientists were able to feed a much fresher food item with the least amount of dry matter. This was while the amount of milk production was not different from conventional feeds, in fact, the improvement in dry matter consumption was achieved by using beet pomace. Sugar was proven in their investigations. It is very important to pay attention to the costs in the results obtained. The cost is influential in the choice of any food. In this regard, the costs of consumption of cereal grains and fodder silage significantly decrease with the consumption of more waste. had found
As a result, silage with more pressed pomace has definitely included savings in animal feed, especially in high-yielding dairy cows, while it has not included any adverse metabolic and animal health effects.
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