What is the importance of seed dimensions in the growth process of corn seedlings?
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Contents list:
What are the important points for proper establishment of corn plant?
What is the seed size and establishment of corn seedlings?
What is the germination process of the corn plant?
What are the considerations and tips regarding seed size and corn seedling establishment?
In the following, the above contents will be examined.
What are the important points for proper establishment of corn plant?
For the proper establishment of the corn plant, it should be noted that the seeds germinate and appear uniformly. It is clear that seed shape and size (seed grading) has nothing to do with germination, seed vigor or yield. In the ideal scenario, seeds of any shape and size have the same quality, and embryo size and health are not related to seed size. Seed size is determined by genetics and the relative position of the seed on the cob. The size and shape of the seed can be affected by the climatic conditions of seed production. All seeds on a seed cob have the same potential yield. When seed cobs are not fully fertilized, less number of seeds on a cob results in larger size of seeds in that cob. Seed grading is determined based on the three-dimensional shape of the seed, along with its weight and other factors. Seed varieties with the same grade are similar enough to ensure consistent seed viability.
What is the germination process of the corn plant?
Germination is an interesting physiological process in which the seed absorbs water and the dehydrated cells regenerate and grow. This process involves the creation of root and bud tissue and finally covers the exit from the soil surface. The appearance of a seedling means the emergence of a sprout from the surface of the soil. In some cases, the seeds may germinate, but due to poor soil conditions, diseases or insects, they are not able to leave the soil surface. The term "seed vigor" refers to the rate and uniformity of seed germination and emergence, and specifically, the ability of the seed to absorb water for germination.
For example, a corn seed must absorb about 30% of its weight in water in order to germinate. This shows that seed weight plays an important role in this process. In extremely dry conditions, small seed size can provide an advantage for germination with lower moisture.
What is the seed size and establishment of corn seedlings?
In the period between germination and seedling establishment, the corn plant faces more risks. Corn needs 100 to 120 degree growing days (GDD) to establish. During this period, plants depend on energy from the seed to establish leaves and grow the root system. If there is a period of repair and compaction between germination and seedling emergence, larger seeds will have more energy reserves. However, in the uniform stage of seedling emergence, corn planting time at temperatures of at least 12 °C is more important than seed size. The treatment of the seeds produced by the Corn Cultivation Development Company using fungicides (Celest® and Maxim® XL) and Cruiser insecticide (CRUISER) has led to better germination and establishment of the seeds produced by this company. As can be seen from the graph below, in general, seed size has only 2% effect on seedling establishment.
What are the considerations and tips regarding seed size and corn seedling establishment?
Seed size has minimal effect on seed vigor, seedling emergence in fields, or yield. The seeds are sized for ease of use in seed production. Seed size has no effect on tassel emergence date, silk or final yield. An important factor in corn yield is the selection of a suitable hybrid for the desired climate with desirable agricultural traits. A soil temperature of at least 12°C is essential for planting, and cold soil can kill sprouts before they emerge. You should adjust the seed drill according to your seed size and follow the recommendations of experts. Also, if there is a change in seed size, reset the seeder. Proper and timely preparation of land and its leveling is very important in adjusting the seeder for better seed contact with the soil and in minimizing the problems of seedling emergence.
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