Protein breakdown, proteolysis in the silage process
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Silage of fodder may lead to the breakdown (proteolysis) of its proteins into ammonia and soluble nitrogen. In completely anaerobic conditions, rapid acidification occurs and when air penetrates into the silage or oxygen is quickly removed from the silage fodder. If not, then slow acidification occurs. Both processes are briefly described below:
A- Slow acidification of silage: in this process, fodder proteins are affected by the activity of plant protease enzymes and their product will be free amino acids and a small amount of peptides. As a result of the repeated activity of protein-degrading organisms, the final product, in addition to free amino acids, contains a large amount of ammonia.
B- Rapid acidification of silage: in this process, which happens in completely anaerobic conditions and brings the pH of the silage environment below 4.5 within a few hours, useful peptides (real proteins) are produced, as well as the rapid production of carbon dioxide. CO2 oxide and creating a cold silage process happens. Many times it has happened that in ground silos, we put our hands deep into the silage and faced very high heat. This heat is the result of the burning of soluble sugars (the main nutrients of silage fodder) and its conversion into heat energy. In fact, the nutrients of silage fodder are wasted in the form of heat in such silos. It is not silage and sugary materials are not converted into wasted heat in the silo (cold process in silos resulting from working with silage machines). The final product is rapid acidification of silage, peptides and limited ammonia production.
In silage that is freshly harvested, the amount of real protein is the maximum. The loss of real protein in silage that is properly ensiled is negligible, but in poor quality silage, this loss will be very significant. The following graph shows This is the article.
Diagram of protein breakdown (proteolysis) in silage with different qualities
NPN=Non Protein Nitrogen
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